Technological Strategies in Frames of National Innovation Systems: Case of Taiwan
Abstract
The article examines the process of technological change in Taiwan in order to identify the Taiwanese model of national innovation system (NIS) and its characteristics at different stages of evolution. To form a clear picture of the nature of the Taiwanese model, the notion of technological strategies and their two types: imitative (IS) and technological leadership strategies (TLS) are borrowed from the theory of innovation management and transferred to the terminology of NIS. The author identifies two stages in the evolution of the Taiwanese NIS and concludes that horizontal linkages between S&T actors play a major role in the development of the system, it is these that have now allowed the economy to move away from IS and towards the implementation of TLS.
References
1. Vasil’eva N. A., Van CHen’sin. Znachenie nauchno-tekhnicheskogo faktora v sovremennyh mezhdunarodnyh otnosheniyah [Value of scientific and technical factor in modern international relations] / N.A. Vasil’eva, Van CHen’sin // Vestnik
2. mezhdunarodnyh organizacij: obrazovanie, nauka, novaya ekonomika. − 2010. − №4.
3. Global’nyĭ reĭting integral’noĭ moshchi 100 vedushchih stran mira. Doklad–2008 k obsuzhdeniyu. 2-e izdanie, dopoln. [Global rating of the 100 of the leading world countries. 2008-Report for discussion]. — M.: Mezhdunarodnaya Akademiya issledovaniĭ budushchego, 2008. — 148 p.
4. Litvinova YU. G. Industriya vysokih tekhnologij na Tajvane [High-Tech Industry in Taiwan] / YU.G. Litvinova // Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo v Kitae: XXXII nauchnaya konferenciya. − M., 2002. − P. 253–259.
5. Litvinova YU. G. Obrazovanie na Tajvane [Education in Taiwan] / YU.G. Litvinova // Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo v Kitae: XXXIV nauchnaya konferenciya. − M., 2004. − P. 294–300.
6. Pulatova G.E. Osnovnye etapy modernizacii ekonomiki Tajvanya: problemy i dostizheniya [Main stages of Taiwan economy modernization: problems and achievements] / G.E. Pulatova // Ekonomika i finansy (Uzbekistan). − 2012. − №3.
7. Hotyasheva O.M. Innovacionnyj menedzhment: Uchebnoe posobie. 2-e izd. [Innovative management] — SPb.: Piter, 2007. — 384 p.
8. Acuto M., Carr M., Kaltofen C. Conversations on Technology and IR. / Michele Acuto, Madeline Carr, Carolin Kaltofen // Technologies of International Relations. − Palgrave Pivot, Cham. − 2018. − URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97418-7_1
9. Brookfield J., Liu Ren-Jye, MacDuffie J. Taiwan’s bicycle industry A-Team battles Chinese competition with innovation and cooperation / J. Brookfield, Ren-Jye Liu, J. MacDuffie. // Strategy & Leadership. — 2008.
10. Chaminade C., Lundvall B-Å, Haneef Sh. Advanced Introduction to National Innovation Systems. / Chaminade Cristina, Lundvall Bengt-Åke, Haneef Shagufta // 2018.
11. Ch-H. Yang, K. Motohashi, J.-R. Chen. Are new technology-based firms located on science parks really more innovative? Evidence from Taiwan. / Chih-Hai Yang, Kazuyuki Motohashi, Jong-Rong Chen // Research Policy. − 2009. − 38(1). − P. 77-85.
12. Douglas B. Fuller. Globalization for Nation Building: Industrial Policy for Hightechnology in Taiwan. / Douglas B. Fuller // 2002.
13. Eduardo B. Viotti. National Learning Systems: A new approach on technological change in late industrializing economies and evidences from the cases of Brazil and South Korea. / Eduardo B. Viotti // Technological Forecasting and Social Change. − 2002. − 69(7). − P. 653-680. − URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(01)00167-6.
14. Freeman C. The ‘National System of Innovation’ in historical perspective. / C. Freeman // Cambridge Journal of Economics. − 1995. − 19.
15. Fritsch S. Technological Ambivalence and International Relations / S. Fritsch // E-International Relations. — 2016. − URL: https://www.e-ir.info/2016/02/24/technological-ambivalence-and-international-relations/
16. Fundamental Science and Technology Act. − URL: https://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=H0160028 (date of access: 27.05.2020).
17. Ivan V. Danilin. Emerging Technologies And Their Impact On International Relations And Global Security / Ivan Danilin // Governance in an Emerging World. — 2018.
18. Liu Xielin, White St. Comparing innovation systems: a framework and application to China’s transitional context / Liu Xielin, Steven White // Research Policy. − 2001. − 30(7). − P. 1091-1114.
19. Lundvall Bengt-Åke. Innovation System Research and Policy Where it came from and where it might go. − 2007.
20. Lundvall B-Å, Vang J., Joseph K.J., Chaminade C. Innovation system research and developing countries / Lundvall Bengt-Åke, Vang, Jan, Joseph, K J., Chaminade, Cristina // Handbook of Innovation Systems in Developing Countries. Building Domestic
21. Capabilities in A Global Setting. − 2009. − P.1-32.
22. National Science and Technology Development Plan (2017-2020). // National Science Council, Republic of China. − 2017.
23. New Technologies as a Factor of International Relations / Monika Szkarłat, Katarzyna Mojska // Cambridge Scholars Publishing. − 2016.
24. OECD (2018). Gross Domestic Spending on R&D / OECD. − URL: https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm (date of access: 18.04.2020)
25. OECD. Main Science and Technology Indicators − 2020. − URL: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=PATS_IPC# (date of access: 27.05.2020).
26. OECD. Main Science and Technology Indicators // OECD Publishing, Paris. −2019. − 2.
27. OECD. Main Science and Technology Indicators // OECD Publishing, Paris. − 2009. − 2.
28. OECD. Managing National Innovation Systems. − OECD Publishing, Paris. − 1999.
29. OECD. National Innovation Systems. − 1997. − URL: https://www.oecd.org/science/inno/2101733.pdf (date of access: 29.01.2021)
30. Origins of Industrial Park Development. // Industrial Development Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs. − URL: https://www.moeaidb.gov.tw/ctlr?lang=1&PRO=english.rwdIndPark2 (date of access: 25.04.2020).
31. Parimal P., Keith P. National Innovation Systems: Why They Are Important, And How They Might Be Measured And Compared / Parimal Patel, Keith Pavitt // Economics of Innovation and New Technology. − 1994. − 3(1). − P. 77-95.
32. Productivity 4.0 to pilot industrial transformation, upgrade: premier. Executive Yuan // July, 23. 2015. − URL: https://english.ey.gov.tw/Page/61BF20C3E89B856/ef482c50-5a64-48d4-aa99-51d17843b1f1 (date of access: 27.05.2020).
33. R. Nelson. Governments and Technical Progress. / R. Nelson // New York: Pergamon. − 1982.
34. Rosenau J.N., Singh J.P. Information Technologies and Global Politics: The Changing Scope of Power and Governance. / J.N. Rosenau, J.P. Singh // Albany: State University of New York Press. − 2002.
35. Treverton Gregory F., Seth G. Jones. Measuring National Power. / Gregory F. Treverton, G. Seth // Jones Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. − 2005. URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF215.html
36. Tsai Kuen-Hung, Wang Jiann-Chyuan. The Innovation Policy and Performance of Innovation in Taiwan’s Technology-Intensive Industries / Tsai Kuen-Hung, Wang Jiann-Chyuan // Problems and Perspectives in Management. — 2004.
37. Wang W-B. Hung Y-Ch., Wang Ch-Ch. University-Industry Research Collaboration in Taiwan. / Wang Wen-Bo, Hung Ying-Cheng, Wang Chu-Ching // Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences. − 2012. − 33. − P. 665-683.
38. Weiss Ch. How Do Science and Technology Affect International Affairs? / Charles Weiss / Minerva. − 2015. − 53. − URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-015-9286-1.
39. White Paper on Science and Technology — Visions and Strategies for the development of Science and Technology (2003-2006). − National Science Council, Republic of China. − URL: https://www.most.gov.tw/most/attachments/21381095-05fa413e-b9d9-8eaf7beef1ec (date of access: 27.05.2020).
Review
For citations:
Litvinenko S. Technological Strategies in Frames of National Innovation Systems: Case of Taiwan. International Aspect. 2021;2(2):37-54. (In Russ.)
Views:
195
Email this article 