<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intaspect</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный аспект</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Aspect</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-6381</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-6365</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО МИД России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intaspect-8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Мировая экономика</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Италия и Банковский союз в посткризисный период</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Italy and the Banking Union in the Post-Crisis Period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмалько</surname><given-names>Алена</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmalko</surname><given-names>Alyona</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alenkasm99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Идеи и идеологии</issue-title><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шмалько А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шмалько А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shmalko A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intaspect.ru/jour/article/view/8">https://www.intaspect.ru/jour/article/view/8</self-uri><abstract><p>Сохраняя приверженность интеграционным процессам в Европе с самого их зарождения, Италия остаётся одной из ключевых участниц институтов Европейского Союза. Однако последние десятилетия на национальном и наднациональном уровнях все острее встает традиционная для страны проблема нестабильности финансового сектора, коллапс которого может быстро распространиться на остальные страны еврозоны. В этой связи предотвращение краха итальянских банков становится приоритетом для всех участниц еврозоны. Цель статьи заключается в анализе успешности применения общих для еврозоны правил урегулирования банковских кризисов, введенных в рамках Банковского союза, на примере Италии. Акцент делается на исследовании особенностей применения итальянским руководством нового принципа урегулирования проблем банковской ликвидности — bail-in. Данный механизм призван минимизировать рекапитализации банков со стороны государства как меру преодоления последствий финансовых кризисов, а следовательно, переложить бремя ответственности за «спасение» банков с налогоплательщиков на финансовый сектор. В статье анализируется, как итальянское правительство, начиная с 2016 г., продолжает оказывать поддержку национальным банкам за счет средств бюджета, пользуясь неоднозначностью формулировок в правилах Банковского Союза. Автор ставит задачи изучения механизма bail-in, выяснения причин допущения оговорок для итальянской стороны в его применении и последствий таких решений. Уделяется внимание влиянию прецедента на другие страны еврозоны, которые также могут начать действовать в обход установленных процедур. Подчеркивается, что текущая мировая ситуация с пандемией коронавируса вновь поставила под угрозу банковский сектор стран еврозоны и, в частности, Италии, и теперь те антикризисные меры, которые будут приниматься на национальном и наднациональном уровнях, могут стать решающими в определении будущего ЕС как      интеграционной группировки. В качестве вывода автор предлагает один из возможных вариантов решения проблемы — модификация правил Банковского союза за счет более четкого и однозначного формулирования ключевых понятий в банковском законодательстве стран ЕС, что позволило бы устранить препятствия на пути дальнейшего интеграционного процесса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>IAdhering to the integration processes in Europe from their very beginning, Italy remains one of the EU key participants. In recent decades, however, the country’s traditional problem of financial instability has become increasingly acute, taking into account that its collapse can quickly spread to the rest of the eurozone. In this regard, preventing Italian banks’ crises becomes a priority for all eurozone members. The purpose of the article is to analyze the effectiveness of the general rules for resolving banking crises in the eurozone introduced by the Banking Union, using the Italian case. The emphasis is put on the peculiarities of Italy’s application of the new principle of bank liquidity problems settlement - bail-in. This mechanism was originally designed to minimize the state recapitalization of banks as a measure of smoothing financial crises’ consequences, and, therefore, shift the burden of responsibility for “saving” banks from taxpayers to the financial sector. The article analyzes how the Italian government has continued to provide support to national banks at the expense of the budget since 2016, taking advantage of the ambiguity of the Banking Union rules. The impact of such precedent on other Eurozone countries is underlined, as they may also act in circumvention of the established procedures. The author states that the current global situation with the coronavirus pandemic has once again put the banking sector of the eurozone countries and, in particular, Italy, in a critical situation. Now the anti-crisis measures taken at both national and supranational levels can become decisive in determining the future of the EU as an interstate association. As a conclusion, the author suggests one of the solutions to the problem - modification of the Banking Union rules through a clearer and unambiguous formulation of key concepts in its legal framework, which would remove obstacles to the further integration process.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Европейская интеграция</kwd><kwd>финансовая интеграция</kwd><kwd>Еврозона</kwd><kwd>Италия</kwd><kwd>банковская система</kwd><kwd>Банковский союз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>European integration</kwd><kwd>financial integration</kwd><kwd>eurozone</kwd><kwd>Italy</kwd><kwd>banking system</kwd><kwd>Banking Union</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пищик В. Я. Институциональные механизмы регулирования внешних дисбалансов в европейском Экономическом и валютном союзе//Экономика. Налоги. Право. – 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pishchik V. YA. Institucional’nye mekhanizmy regulirovaniya vneshnih disbalansov v evropejskom Ekonomicheskom i valyutnom soyuze//Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo. – 2018. – T. 11. – №. 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">–Т.11.–№.6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saling Korneliya, Gusakov Nikolaj Pavlovich. Bankovskij soyuz ES: problemy finansovoj stabil’nosti// Sovremennaya Evropa. 2018. №4 (83).  </mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Салинг Корнелия, Гусаков Николай Павлович. Банковский союз ЕС: проблемы фи-нансовой стабильности// Современная Европа. 2018. №4 (83).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shchepeleva M. A. Podhody k ocenke riska finansovogo sektora//Vestnik MGIMO</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щепелева М. А. Подходы к оценке риска финансового сектора//Вестник МГИМО Университета. – 2014. – №. 6 (39).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbagallo C. Veneto Banca e Banca Popolare di Vicenza //Senato della Repubblica–Camera dei Deputati, Commissione Parlamentare di inchiesta sul sistema bancario e finanziario, Rome. – 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbagallo C. Veneto Banca e Banca Popolare di Vicenza //Senato della Repubblica–Camera dei Deputati, Commissione Parlamentare di inchiesta sul sistema bancario e finanziario, Rome. – 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BIS. Definition of capital in Basel III. URL: https://www.bis.org/fsi/fsisummaries/defcap_ b3.pdf (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BIS. Definition of capital in Basel III. URL: https://www.bis.org/fsi/fsisummaries/defcap_ b3.pdf (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coletta M., Santioni R. Le Obbligazioni Bancarie Nel Portafoglio Delle Famiglie Italiane // Bank of Italy Occasional Paper. – 2016. – №. 359. 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coletta M., Santioni R. Le Obbligazioni Bancarie Nel Portafoglio Delle Famiglie Italiane // Bank of Italy Occasional Paper. – 2016. – №. 359.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Commission decision of 22.11.2015 on the State Aid. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/competition/ state_aid/cases/261428/261428_1951636_241_2.pdf (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Commission decision of 22.11.2015 on the State Aid. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/competition/ state_aid/cases/261428/261428_1951636_241_2.pdf (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EBA Basel monitoring exercise. URL: https://eba.europa.eu/eba-publishes-results-of-the-basel-iii-monitoring-exercise-as-of-of-31-december-2014 (accessed 1 May)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EBA Basel monitoring exercise. URL: https://eba.europa.eu/eba-publishes-results-of-the-basel-iii-monitoring-exercise-as-of-of-31-december-2014 (accessed 1 May)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EU-wide stress testing. URL: https://eba.europa.eu/risk-analysis-and-data/eu-wide-stress-testing (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EU-wide stress testing. URL: https://eba.europa.eu/risk-analysis-and-data/eu-wide-stress-testing (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Banking Authority. EBA at a glance. URL: https://eba.europa.eu/about-us/eba-at-a-glance (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Banking Authority. EBA at a glance. URL: https://eba.europa.eu/about-us/eba-at-a-glance (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Banking Authority. Pandemic emergency purchase programme (PEPP). URL: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/mopo/implement/pepp/html/index.en.html (accessed 5 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Banking Authority. Pandemic emergency purchase programme (PEPP). URL: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/mopo/implement/pepp/html/index.en.html (accessed 5 May 2020)12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Banking Authority. Results of 2014 EU-wide stress test. URL: https://eba.europa. eu/sites/default/documents/files/documents/10180/851779/634773ab-9996-498f-be71-5cb5be041c82/2014%20EU-wide%20ST-aggregate%20results.pdf?retry=1. (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Banking Authority. Results of 2014 EU-wide stress test. URL: https://eba.europa. eu/sites/default/documents/files/documents/10180/851779/634773ab-9996-498f-be71-5cb5be041c82/2014%20EU-wide%20ST-aggregate%20results.pdf?retry=1. (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Banking Authority. Risk assessment of the European banking system. – Publications Office of the European Union, 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Banking Authority. Risk assessment of the European banking system. – Publications Office of the European Union, 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Commission. Press release. 25 June 2017. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/ presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_1791 (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Commission. Press release. 25 June 2017. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/ presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_1791 (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Commission. Press release. 4 July 2017. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/ presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_1905 (accessed 5 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Commission. Press release. 4 July 2017. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/ presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_1905 (accessed 5 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Commission. Press release. 7 June 2017. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/ presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_1556 (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Commission. Press release. 7 June 2017. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/ presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_1556 (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Commission. State Aid Scoreboard 2019. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/competition/ state_aid/scoreboard/index_en.html (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Commission. State Aid Scoreboard 2019. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/competition/ state_aid/scoreboard/index_en.html (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Council. Single Resolution Mechanism. URL: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/ en/policies/banking-union/single-resolution-mechanism/ (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Council. Single Resolution Mechanism. URL: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/ en/policies/banking-union/single-resolution-mechanism/ (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European parliament. Banks Net Exposure to Home Sovereign. 23 March 2015. URL: https:// www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2015/542651/IPOL_ATA(2015)542651_ EN.pdf (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European parliament. Banks Net Exposure to Home Sovereign. 23 March 2015. URL: https:// www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2015/542651/IPOL_ATA(2015)542651_ EN.pdf (accessed 1 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European parliament. Briefing. July 2017. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/ etudes/BRIE/2017/587392/IPOL_BRI(2017)587392_EN.pdf (accessed 2 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European parliament. Briefing. July 2017. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/ etudes/BRIE/2017/587392/IPOL_BRI(2017)587392_EN.pdf (accessed 2 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gros D. Who holds Italian government debt? A Primer. CEPS Policy Insight No 2019-11/June 2019. – 2019. P. 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gros D. Who holds Italian government debt? A Primer. CEPS Policy Insight No 2019-11/June 2019. – 2019. P. 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Il pensionato suicida, il racconto della moglie: «È tardi, lei ha firmato» // Corriere della</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Il pensionato suicida, il racconto della moglie: «È tardi, lei ha firmato» // Corriere della</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">sera. URL: https://roma.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/15_dicembre_11/pensionato-suicida-racconto-moglie-tardi-lei-ha-firmato-5394d51c-9fd6-11e5-9e42-3aa7b5e47d96.shtml (accessed 4 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">sera. URL: https://roma.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/15_dicembre_11/pensionato-suicida-racconto-moglie-tardi-lei-ha-firmato-5394d51c-9fd6-11e5-9e42-3aa7b5e47d96.shtml (accessed 4 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IMF. Transcript of the April 2020 Fiscal Monitor Press Briefing. URL: https://www.imf.org/en/ News/Articles/2020/04/15/tr041520-transcript-of-the-april-2020-fiscal-monitor-press-briefing (accessed 5 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IMF. Transcript of the April 2020 Fiscal Monitor Press Briefing. URL: https://www.imf.org/en/ News/Articles/2020/04/15/tr041520-transcript-of-the-april-2020-fiscal-monitor-press-briefing (accessed 5 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Monetary Fund. Country report 20/81. – 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Monetary Fund. Country report 20/81. – 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Italy emerges as biggest obstacle to eurozone banking union // Financial Times. URL: https:// www.ft.com/content/b9dea3b6-3384-11ea-a329-0bcf87a328f2?segmentid=acee4131-99c2-09d3-a635-873e61754ec6 (accessed 4 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Italy emerges as biggest obstacle to eurozone banking union // Financial Times. URL: https:// www.ft.com/content/b9dea3b6-3384-11ea-a329-0bcf87a328f2?segmentid=acee4131-99c2-09d3-a635-873e61754ec6 (accessed 4 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Italy government approves rescue of Popolare di Bari bank// Reuters. URL: https://www. reuters.com/article/us-italy-banks-popolare-di-bari-decree-idUSKBN1YJ0N9 (accessed 4 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Italy government approves rescue of Popolare di Bari bank// Reuters. URL: https://www. reuters.com/article/us-italy-banks-popolare-di-bari-decree-idUSKBN1YJ0N9 (accessed 4 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L’Osservatorio sui conti pubblici italiani: il debito italiano potrebbe salire al 157,6% del Pil</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L’Osservatorio sui conti pubblici italiani: il debito italiano potrebbe salire al 157,6% del Pil</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">// La Stampa. URL: https://www.lastampa.it/economia/2020/04/11/news/ocpi-il-debito-italiano-potrebbe-salire-al-157-6-del-pil-1.38707464 (accessed 6 May 2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">// La Stampa. URL: https://www.lastampa.it/economia/2020/04/11/news/ocpi-il-debito-italiano-potrebbe-salire-al-157-6-del-pil-1.38707464 (accessed 6 May 2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OJC. Communication from the Commission (Banking Communication)//Official Journal of the European Union. – 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OJC. Communication from the Commission (Banking Communication)//Official Journal of the European Union. – 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OJC. Communication from the Commission (Banking Communication)//Official Journal of the European Union. – 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
