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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intaspect</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный аспект</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Aspect</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-6381</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-6365</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО МИД России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intaspect-37</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Международные отношения</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Латинская Америка в контексте американо-китайского соперничества</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Latin America in the Context of the U.S.–China Rivalry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Роман Романович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>Roman</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">roman-romanov-1998@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РГГУ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RSUH</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Ибероамерика в международных отношениях</issue-title><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Романов Р.Р., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романов Р.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanov R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intaspect.ru/jour/article/view/37">https://www.intaspect.ru/jour/article/view/37</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируется геополитическое противостояние между Соединенными Штатами и Китаем в Латинской Америке. Целью работы является определение причин уменьшения стратегических возможностей США как главного регионального актора. Задачами работы являются объяснение внутриполитического и международного контекста, выявление ключевых интересов Вашингтона и Пекина в Центральной и Южной Америке, анализ механизма принятия внешнеполитических решений в США и КНР. Автор выделяет два проблемных блока: стратегический и системный. Первый включает в себя особенности политэкономического сотрудничества стран региона с обеими державами. Второй относится к подробному изучению структуры и функционирования механизма принятия внешнеполитических решений в США и Китае. Поставки вакцины и развертывание 5G будут использованы в качестве кейсов для объяснения этих аспектов.</p><p>После окончания Холодной войны спектр основных интересов Соединенных Штатов постепенно смещался в сторону Ближнего Востока и Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона. В Латинской Америке образовался «вакуум лидерства», который мог заполнить Китай.</p><p>Неспособность американского политического истеблишмента выработать новую концепцию по выстраиванию диалога с южными соседями стала одной из причин успеха Поднебесной. Идеологические противоречия и использование ценностного подхода негативно отражались на отношениях США с латиноамериканскими странами.</p><p>Китай больше концентрировался на развитии экономического сотрудничества и не настаивал на реформировании политической системы. Пекин выстраивал свое влияние на платформе проекта «Один пояс-один путь». Новые инфраструктурные инициативы, расширение инвестиционных потоков дали возможность китайским фармацевтическим и технологическим компаниям заключить ряд выгодных сделок с местными правительствами и частными поставщиками, вытеснив западные аналоги.</p><p>Кроме того, упрощенная система принятия внешнеполитических решений, выраженная отсутствием системы сдержек и противовесов, позволила сконцентрировать неограниченные полномочия в руках президента КНР. Это повышает эффективность стратегических подходов Китая, однако одновременно делая их менее прикладными в долгосрочной перспективе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes geopolitical rivalry between the United States and China in Latin America. The goal of the article is to define the reasons for the decline of the U.S. strategic capabilities as the main regional actor.</p><p>The objectives of the article are to explain the domestic and international context, discern the key interests of Washington and Beijing in Central and South America, analyze foreign policy decision-making mechanisms in the USA and the PRC. The author emphasizes two blocks of problems — strategic and systemic. The former includes the peculiarities of the political and economic cooperation with two powers of the countries of the region. The latter pertains to a thorough study of the structure and functioning of foreign policy decision-making mechanisms in China and the USA. Vaccine supplies and deployment of 5G will be applied as the cases for explanation of those aspects.</p><p>After the end of the Cold war the spectrum of the U.S. prime interests was gradually turning towards the Middle East and Asia-Pacific. The “vacuum of leadership” emerged in Latin America, the one that could be filled by China.</p><p>Inability of the American political establishment to elaborate a new concept of dialogue-building with the southern neighbors became one of the reasons for China’s success. Ideological discrepancy and application of a value-based approach have adversely affected the U.S. relations with Latin-American countries.</p><p>China has always been mainly interested in economic cooperation and never insisted on the reform of the political system. Beijing has been cultivating its influence through its landmark – the “BRI” project. New infrastructural initiatives and increased flow of investments allowed the Chinese pharmaceutical and technological companies to broker several deals with regional governments and private distributors and supplant western analogues.</p><p>Besides, a simplified foreign policy decision-making model, manifested in the absence of the system of checks and balances, made it possible for the President of the PRC to concentrate unlimited power in his hands. It does increase the efficiency of China’s strategic tools, making them, at the same, less applicable in the long-term.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Латинская Америка</kwd><kwd>вакцина</kwd><kwd>технологии</kwd><kwd>стратегия</kwd><kwd>противостояние</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the USA</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>Latin America</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd><kwd>tech</kwd><kwd>strategy</kwd><kwd>rivalry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">МГИМО МИД РФ</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ширяева Б. А. Внешняя политика США. Принципы, механизмы, методы. Курс лекций. – 2-е изд. – СПб.: Изд-во С.-Петерб. ун-та, 2007. – 442 c. 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