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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intaspect</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный аспект</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Aspect</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-6381</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-6365</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО МИД России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intaspect-35</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История международных отношений</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От индустриальной к тотальной войне? Динамика развития военных конфликтов в первой половине XX века</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From industrial to total war? Dynamics of the military conflicts' evolution during the first half of the 20th century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магадеев</surname><given-names>Искандэр</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magadeev</surname><given-names>Iskander</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ист.н., доцент кафедры истории и политики стран Европы и Америки</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD. in History, Department of European and American Studies</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iskander2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Военные конфликты первой половины ХХ века</issue-title><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Магадеев И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Магадеев И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Magadeev I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intaspect.ru/jour/article/view/35">https://www.intaspect.ru/jour/article/view/35</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель статьи — выявить те факторы и обстоятельства, которые не укладываются в представление о нарастающей «тотализации» и «индустриализации» войны в первой половине XX века. Автор стремится определить лакуны и «белые пятна»: те явления, которые выпада ют из представлений о динамике раз вития военных конфликтов как о пути от Первой ко Второй мировой войне и Второй Тридцатилетней войне 1914 – 1945 гг. При этом речь идет не столько о том, чтобы «развенчать» концепцию «тотализации» войны, сколько точнее определить степень ее применимости при анализе разнообразных и комплексных исторических явлений, наметить пути для дальнейшего исследовательского поиска. Сначала автор выявляет внутренние факторы, ограничивавшие процесс «тотализации» вооруженных конфликтов, затем указывает на ряд событий, не укладывающихся в указанную концепцию или дополняющих ее, наконец, в завершение он намечает возможности для дальнейшей ее разработки.По результатам проведенного исследования были сделаны следующие выводы. Если определение того или иного конфликта в качестве «тотального» может служить средством анализа его черт и особенностей, то нередко складывается обратная ситуация. Сама «тотальность» войны требует объяснения, являясь результатом воздействия целого ряда факторов, итогом констелляции уникальных по-своему, как и многое в человеческой истории, обстоятельств. Представление о «магистральной линии» развития военных конфликтов в первой половине XX века в виде нараставшей «тотализации» и «индустриализации» войны не покрывает всего разнообразия и внутренней сложности исторического процесса. Факторы, стимулировавшие развитие процессов «тотализации» (государства, технологии, идеологии), одновременно содержали в себе внутренние лимиты на развитие данных процессов до предела. Концепция «тотальной войны» оставляет за скобками ряд важных обстоятельств, влиявших на эволюцию военного дела и военных представлений в 1914 – 1945 гг.: роль человеческого фактора и специфических оперативно‑стратегических условий конфликта, значение колониальных и «малых войн» межвоенного периода. При этом указанная концепция продолжает оставаться ценным исследовательским инструментом и может быть дополнена наработками из сферы социально-экономической истории, а также «мир-системной» теории.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This essay aims at defining the "white spots" in the conception of the growing totalisation and industrialisation of warfare in the first half of the century. The author tries to explore the events and circumstances which fall out of the idea that there was a direct link between WWI and WWII, defended by some scholars, who prefer to speak about the "Second Thirty Years' War" of 1914 – 1945. The article does not seek to debunk the conception of the warfare totalisation, but to precise the field of its application and to outline the ways of its further development. Firstly, the author analyses the inner factors which limited the totalisation process; secondly, he explores the events which did not match precisely the total war conception; finally, he gives his opinion about the lines to improve and to enrich the set of ideas about the war evolution in the first half of the 20th century.The main conclusions of the essay are as follows. The definition of a military conflict as "total" could be an instrument of its analysis; nevertheless, the situation could be the opposite one. The "totality" of the conflict itself often should be the object of the explanation, being the result of the many different factors, the constellation of the unique circumstances, as it happens not infrequently in the human history. The idea of the growing totalisation and industrialisation of warfare as the trunk line of the military evolution in the first half of the 20th century does not cover the whole range of the historical events in their diversity. The factors which stimulated the totalisation of warfare (states, technologies, and ideologies) in the same time put the inner limits on this process, preventing it from becoming absolute. The "total war" conception also leaves aside some important circumstances, which influenced the military conflicts and doctrine in 1914 – 1945, eg., the role of the "human factor", the specific operative and strategic environment of a conflict, the significance of the colonial and "small" wars of the interwar period. Nevertheless, this conception continues to be a valuable research instrument, especially, if it is enriched with the ideas taken from social and economic history and the "world system" theory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Тотальная война</kwd><kwd>индустриальная война</kwd><kwd>военные конфликты</kwd><kwd>Первая мировая война</kwd><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd><kwd>межвоенный период.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Total war</kwd><kwd>industrial war</kwd><kwd>military conflicts</kwd><kwd>First World War</kwd><kwd>Second World War</kwd><kwd>interwar period.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вторая мировая война и трансформация международных отношений: от многополярности к биполярному миру / под ред. Л.С. Белоусова, А.С. 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