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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">intaspect</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международный аспект</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Aspect</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-6381</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-6365</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГИМО МИД России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">intaspect-22</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История международных отношений</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Субъективные восприятия национальных интересов политическими лидерами как причина Крымской войны (1853 – 1856 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Subjective Perceptions of National Interests by the Political Leaders As a Cause of the Crimean War (1853-1856)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багач</surname><given-names>Михаил</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagach</surname><given-names>Mikhail</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mbagach64@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусов</surname><given-names>Евгений</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">evgeniybelousov1917@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саркисьянц</surname><given-names>Артур</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarkisyants</surname><given-names>Artur</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">artur.sarkisyants@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>MGIMO NEW-SCI GENERATION SYMPOSIUM: ИЗБРАННЫЕ СТАТЬИ</issue-title><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Багач М., Белоусов Е., Саркисьянц А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Багач М., Белоусов Е., Саркисьянц А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bagach M., Belousov E., Sarkisyants A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.intaspect.ru/jour/article/view/22">https://www.intaspect.ru/jour/article/view/22</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной работе анализируются причины Крымской войны 1853 – 1856 гг. через призму объективных национальных интересов и субъективных мотиваций правителей и ведущих государственных деятелей. Данный вопрос будет рассматриваться на основе позиций главных сторон конфликта — Российской Империи и Королевства Великобритании. Посредством анализа позиции императора Николая I в преддверии Крымской войны авторы приходят к выводу, что основным мотивом для вступления в конфликт послужили объективные и субъективные факторы в их совокупности. С одной стороны, основными целями России выступают обеспечение безопасности и стабильности в Средней Азии и обеспечение контроля над проливами Босфор и Дарданеллы с помощью дружественного режима в Османской империи. При этом достижению этих целей помешало ошибочное субъективное восприятие Николая международной конъюнктуры того времени — надежда на поддержку Австрии и Пруссии и неверное суждение об успехе переговоров с Абердином. В XIX веке Великобритания становилась все в большей степени вовлеченной в ближневосточные дела в форме торговых связей с Османской империей и политической поддержкой власти султана. Защиту Турции можно объяснить намерением ограничить экспансию Российской империи — соперника в регионе, который находился на перекрестке торговых путей и служил связующим звеном с Индией. Однако восприятие Ближнего Востока как жизненно важного региона для Великобритании, прежде всего, обусловлено воззрениями Генри Джона Палмерстона — министра иностранных дел, а затем премьер-министра Великобритании, который использовал политическое влияние, чтобы отстаивать значимость сохранности «больного человека Европы. Распри внутри британского кабинета непосредственно перед началом войны, а также непонимание британскими политиками намерений Николая I также привели к выбору жесткой стратегии в отношении Российской империи и, как следствие, вступлению Великобритании в войну.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper analyses the causes of the Crimean War of 1853-1856 through the prism of objective national interests and subjective motivations of rulers and leading statesmen. The issue will be examined on the basis of the positions of the main parties to the conflict — the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Great Britain. By analyzing the position of Emperor Nicholas I on the eve of the Crimean War, the authors come to the conclusion that the main motives for entering the conflict were objective and subjective factors in their combination. On the one hand, Russia's main objectives were to ensure security and stability in Central Asia and to secure control of the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits through a friendly regime in the Ottoman Empire. However, the achievement of these aims was hampered by Nicholas's erroneous subjective perception of the international conjuncture of the time — the hope for Austrian and Prussian support and the misjudgment of the success of the negotiations with Aberdeen. In the nineteenth century Britain became increasingly involved in Middle Eastern affairs in the form of trade links with the Ottoman Empire and political support for the Sultan's rule. The defence of Turkey can be explained by the intention to limit the expansion of the Russian Empire, a rival in the region, which was at the crossroads of trade routes and served as a link to India. However, the perception of the Middle East as a vital region for Britain is primarily due to the views of Henry John Palmerston - Foreign Secretary and then British Prime Minister - who used political influence to argue for the importance of keeping the 'sick man of Europe' safe. Disagreements within the British cabinet just before the outbreak of war, as well as misunderstandings among British politicians about the intentions of Nicholas I, also led to the choice of a hardline strategy towards the Russian Empire and, as a consequence, Britain's entry into the war.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Крымская война</kwd><kwd>национальные интересы</kwd><kwd>субъективное восприятие</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика</kwd><kwd>Российская империя</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Crimean War</kwd><kwd>national interests</kwd><kwd>subjective perception</kwd><kwd>foreign policy</kwd><kwd>Russian empire</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айрапетов О.Р. 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