intaspectМеждународный аспектInternational Aspect2949-63812949-6365МГИМО МИД Россииintaspect-118Research ArticleИстория международных отношенийВлияние европейской «схватки за Африку» на африканские государстваThe Impact of the European “Scramble for Africa” on African StatesЧибуэзе ОсудзиКингслиChibueze OsujiKingsleykingsleyc05@gmail.comНижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. ЛобачевскогоРоссияLobachevsky State University of Nizhny NovgorodRussian Federation20240403202552Прошлое в современности421Copyright © Чибуэзе Осудзи К., 20252025Чибуэзе Осудзи К.Chibueze Osuji K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.intaspect.ru/jour/article/view/118

Европейская «схватка за Африку», происходившая в 1880-1914 гг., оказала значительное влияние на африканские общества, экономический уклад и политические институты. В статье рассматриваются доколониальные особенности развития африканских обществ, факторы, способствовавшие колонизации Африки европейскими державами, и наблюдаемые по сей день последствия этого периода. В Африке до колонизации наблюдалось большое цивилизационное разнообразие, отражавшее существование сложных социополитических структур и развивавшихся культурных практик. Проникновение европейских держав на Африканский континент и колонизация привели к возведению искусственных границ, нарушавших устоявшиеся этнические и культурные связи, что способствовало сохранению и нарастанию конфликтности и нестабильности в регионе. «Схватка за Африку» была обусловлена главным образом экономическими причинами, так как европейские государства были заинтересованы в добыче природных ископаемых и в открытии новых рынков для поддержания роста промышленности. На успех в продвижении вглубь континента повлияли технологические достижения, в том числе внедрение пароходов, а также инновации в медицине. Формальное разделение Африки на колонии и сферы влияния произошло в ходе Берлинской конференции 1884-1885 гг., причём европейские державы не принимали во внимание устоявшиеся в африканских обществах структуры управления и социокультурные условия. Последствия такого подхода сказываются на функционировании современных политических институтов в Африке. Экономическая эксплуатация способствовала становлению «добывающих» отраслей экономики, что повлияло на непреходящий уровень бедности и экономического отставания африканских государств в настоящее время. Колониальные власти занимались прежде всего добычей природных ресурсов в ущерб местному развитию, что способствовало установлению зависимости Африки от Европы. Сохраняющееся наследие колониализма оказывает глубокое влияние на социально-экономическое развитие Африки, а также на продолжающиеся этнические конфликты и неустойчивость государственного управления. В исследовании подчеркивается важность понимания исторических условий колонизации для решения современных проблем развития в Африке. Указано на необходимость рассмотреть в будущих исследованиях особенности постколониального развития африканских государств.

The European “Scramble for Africa”, which took place from 1880 to 1914, brought about profound changes in African societies, economies, and political frameworks. This research investigates the precolonial environment, the driving forces behind European colonisation, and the enduring consequences of this historical epoch. Africa was originally marked by a variety of civilisations that exhibited intricate sociopolitical structures and vibrant cultural practices. The incursion of European powers resulted in the imposition of artificial borders, which disrupted pre-existing ethnic and cultural affiliations. This disruption has contributed to persistent conflicts and instability in the region. The Scramble was fundamentally motivated by economic factors, with European nations pursuing raw materials and new markets to support their industrial economies. Technological advancements, including steam-powered vessels and medical innovations, enabled a more profound exploration of the continent. The Berlin Conference, held between 1884 and 1885, established the formal division of Africa, neglecting the existing indigenous governance structures and cultural contexts. This event has resulted in lasting implications for modern political environments. The economic exploitation characteristic of this period gave rise to extractive economies, resulting in pervasive poverty and underdevelopment across African nations. Colonial authorities emphasised the extraction of resources, often at the expense of local development, resulting in a reliance on European markets. The enduring impact of colonialism profoundly influences the socio-economic landscape of Africa, manifesting in persistent ethnic conflicts and governance challenges. This research emphasises the significance of comprehending the historical backdrop of colonialism in order to tackle Africa’s present developmental challenges and points to the necessity for additional investigation into the continent’s post-colonial path.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.